About monks, nuns and laymen

Swedish: svensk version hittas under “Om munkar, nunnor och lekmän”.

Quotation from the Pali Canon

“There are four jewels of the sangha if they are wise, restrained, experienced, confident, knower of the teaching, following the right path of the teaching. Who are these four?

The monk, the nun, the male lay disciple (Upasaka) and the female lay disciple (Upasika), provided they are wise, restrained, experienced, confident, knower of the teaching, following the right path of the teaching. They are the jewels of the sangha.” (Anguttara Nikaya 4,  chapter 1, 7)

These four jewels are also called the four lamps of the disciples (sangha). In the Pali-language, the language of the oldest preserved texts, the four lamps are called caturvarga. A lamp shines in the darkness at night. At this point the Buddha wanted to emphazise not only monks and nuns are regarded as genuinely practising disciples but ordinary male and female lay-disciples as well if they have taken refuge to the Three Jewels (Buddha, Dharma and Sangha), really practising the Buddha’s teaching with diligence.

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